PROSTATE CANCER

A basic treatment programs
Prostate cancer treatment can be divided into surgical treatment, hormonal therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and treatment in Chinese medicine. Specific selection of the program, according to the patient's age, systemic symptoms, the cancer staging, state immunity and comprehensive consideration. General radical surgery for early adopters, five-year survival rate 75% 10 55% survival rate, 15-year survival rate of 33%. The frail elderly or have complications or pelvic metastasis of patients, radiotherapy should be OK, five-year survival rates of 60%, 10-year survival rate 39%. Using advanced endocrine, chemical treatment and Chinese medicine.

A diagnosis
(1) clinical diagnosis
1. Early symptoms may developed symptoms of advanced prostate hyperplasia with a similar obstructive symptoms. Because cancer metastasis to the bone, lumbosacral pain, sciatica, nerve paralysis, accompanied by weight loss, fatigue, loss of appetite and other systemic symptoms.
2. Digital rectal examination is a rock-hard prostate nodule, its boundaries unclear, mass sizes, or a few millimeters or large and fixed.
3. Laboratory ACP, AKP increase in transfers. PSA, PAP in the diagnosis of prostate cancer is a certain sense.
4. Ultrasound imaging examination revealed the prostate hypoechoic lesions. See X-ray examination of the bone changes that increased density of the shadow, we can see that osteolytic lesions transfer or mixed; THE chest lung metastases can be found. CT and MRI scans of the prostate that can be changed, occupying lesions and metastases. ECT earlier than X-ray found bone metastatic lesions.
5. Prostate Needle aspiration biopsy of the prostate can be diagnosed as a method used 6:00 puncture biopsy system.
More clinical staging method is not yet unified. Ts are commonly used phased improvement of law and TNM staging.
1. Improved staging of ts
A: Most of incubation. Clinical found no tumors, prostate digital rectal examination without change, found only in the examination of tumor cells and tumor cells in good, normal serum acid phosphatase.
A1 period: only confined to the prostate tumor lesions within one to two small regions.
A2 period: multiple tumor foci were still confined to the prostate.
B: Tumor confined to the prostate, but the digital rectal examination can be touched. The digital rectal examination can be divided into the following two.
B1 period: tumor nodules confined to the side of the prostate with less than 1.5 cm in diameter.
B2: tumor involvement Hitotsuba above or greater than 1.5 cm in diameter, but not over-coated. Normal serum acid phosphatase.
Stage C: Most violations have prostate cancer, benign prostatic capsule penetration violations spermatheca, bladder neck and pelvic bilateral or other pelvic organs, there is no transfer. Serum phosphorus acid normal or elevated enzyme.
C1 period: no cancer and seminal vesicle invasion.
XC2 period: seminal vesicle involvement or other pelvic organs.
D: Clinical and pathological have transferred. 2 / 3 cases of elevated serum acid phosphatase.
D1 period: pelvic lymph node metastasis in the aortic bifurcation.
D2 period: aortic bifurcation more lymph nodes and other organs and bone metastasis.
2.1974 Initiative, the International Union of TNM staging
The primary tumor (T) phases:
Tx: occasionally cancer (carcinoma in situ)
T0: the original tumor was found.
T1: tumor of the prostate 1 / 2 below normal size gland.
T2: tumor of the prostate 1 / 2 or 1 / 2 above, nor increase gland.
T3: tumor confined to the gland, but gland increases.
T4: the gland tumor,.
Regional lymph nodes (N) phases:
Nx: lymph nodes situation can not be estimated.
N0: No change lymph nodes.
N1: local lymph nodes deformation.
N2: can be fixed palpable abdominal lymph nodes.
Distant metastasis (M) stages:
M0: no transfer.
M1: metastasis.
Vaccine: Only bone metastases.
FDA: other parts of the transfer, with or without bone metastases.
2, differential diagnosis
1. Prostate tuberculosis prostate sclerosis, it is similar with prostate cancer. But younger patients, reproductive system other organs, such as the seminal vesicle, vas deferens, epididymis tuberculous lesion or urinary tuberculosis symptoms, such as frequency, urgency, novel urethral secretions, blood and sperm. Tuberculosis prostate nodule for local infiltration, texture than they. Urine, prostatic fluid, semen with red, IL. X-ray shadow sometimes visible calcification prostate, prostate biopsy pathology typical TB change.
2. Prostate stone for stone prostate digital rectal examination, ahead of prostate, palpable calculus of a hard twist of the flu. Pelvic X-ray shadow of stone that the prostate; Ultrasonography showed that the prostate area with the light acoustic shadow.
3. Nonspecific granulomatous disease prostatitis nodules developed rapidly, with peak-like protrusions, hard and soft mixed, but resilient. The treatment of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medication 1-2 months sclerosis smaller. Hard Festival prostate biopsy, endoscopic rich in non-caseating granulomas, full of epithelioid cells, foam cells, around lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, the gland often rupture expansion, with inflammatory cells.
4. Prostate nodular hyperplasia prostate showed diffuse increased, smooth surface, there are nodules flu; PSA general in the normal range; Prostate ultrasonography increased its points-in uniform, prostate capsule for reflection, clearly limits its surrounding tissue.
5. The incidence of prostate sarcoma with high youth, children accounted for 1 / 3; Condition rapid development, shorter duration. Digital rectal examination prostate enlargement, but flexible texture, soft as cystic more with lung, liver, bone metastasis and other clinical symptoms.

Lack of prostate cancer symptoms. Early symptoms generally not obvious, as a condition of development and different symptoms. Sometimes prostate cancer symptoms first appeared, not urethral obstruction, but the proliferation of local and metastatic bone symptoms. In 50 years of age and above, there will be the frequency, novel, urine and fine lines, bifurcation, and dysuria. Sometimes hematuria, particularly terminal hematuria. Urine membrane of tumor invasion, there will be incontinence. Rectal involvement in the stool can be thinned and defecation difficult. Lumbosacral bone metastases may occur waist, sacrum and sciatica. The lungs can be transferred to a cough and hemoptysis. When access to advanced disease, can cause loss of appetite, weight loss, anemia and other symptoms of malaise and body symptoms.

Prostate cancer is the male urinary tract neoplasms one of the most common cancers. In Europe and the United States and other countries, especially the Nordic and North America, the incidence of prostate cancer is given the top male malignancies. So far, the trigger prostate cancer etiology is not clear. Epidemiological studies have found that many prostate cancer and associated risk factors, but which has not found a direct result of prostate cancer factors.

Prostate cancer is the male reproductive system common malignancy. Our incidence is lower than Europe and the United States, but nearly 20 shows a rising trend. The incidence of prostate cancer in parallel with age, according to statistics, few men under the age of 50; 50-60 years the incidence of prostate cancer 1 / 3; Above the age of about 70 1 / 2; Over the age of 80 accounted for about 3 / 4.

Vary the type of tumor. Incubation type of occult are no local symptoms. Local clinical symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia similar.

Early asymptomatic. When the cause bladder cancer policies neck and posterior urethral obstruction can cause symptoms, hematuria less, to divert some patients symptoms, manifested as low back pain, sciatica,. It is of unknown origin men of metastatic cancer, prostate cancer should be excluded.

Transgression policies posterior urethra and bladder, urethral stricture inflammatory symptoms of frequency, urgency, novel, hematuria and dysuria.

Patients with chronic consumption of symptoms, weight loss, weakness, anemia.