PROSTATE CANCER

Prostate cancer incidence rates high in Europe and the United States, second only to lung cancer in elderly men, but relatively rare in China, the incidence rate of increase in recent years.

[Causes pathological]

The cause of prostate cancer has not been identified, may be genetic, environmental, and the sex hormones. Prostate androgen secretion by the testis nine ketone conditioning, gonadotropin luteinizing hormone indirect role to play. Juvenile emasculated never occurred to prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is 98% adenocarcinoma, often from prostate shrinkage of the peripheral part of a majority of more lesions. The transfer of the disease have three ways: 1 to nearby or adjacent organ invasion organizations, and both sides of the first transgression, pierced envelope to vasectomy ampulla, spermatheca, bladder neck and urethra policies; ② lymph node metastasis may fall to para-aortic lymph node and beyond; ③ blood is the most common bone metastasis and poor, spine , femur. Severe pain. , Pathologic fractures can occur. Also transferred to the liver, lung, pleura, adrenal gland, brain and other organs.

[Clinical]

Vary the type of tumor. Incubation type of occult are no local symptoms. Local clinical symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia similar.

Early asymptomatic. When the cause bladder cancer policies neck and posterior urethral obstruction can cause symptoms, hematuria less, to divert some patients symptoms, manifested as low back pain, sciatica,. It is of unknown origin men of metastatic cancer, prostate cancer should be excluded.

Transgression policies posterior urethra and bladder, urethral stricture inflammatory symptoms of frequency, urgency, novel, hematuria and dysuria.

Patients with chronic consumption of symptoms, weight loss, weakness, anemia.

Prostate cancer can be divided into three types: 1 clinical symptoms with benign prostatic hyperplasia; ② Subtle, small tumor, and not cause obstruction symptoms, physical examination or a transfer of lesions (eg pelvis, spine, etc.) symptoms were found; ③ latent type, only in the tissues pathological examination found .

[Diagnosis]

① digital rectal examination: Hard nodules found, the correct rate of 80%;

② puncture or transrectal prostate biopsy perineal incision more accurate;

③ acid phosphatase in serum: significantly increased.

④ ultrasound, isotope scanning: Prostate have changed.

⑤ X-ray: urethral contrast policies after transurethral bladder neck displacement; The spine, pelvis, femur, sternum radiography, see a metastatic lesion of bone destruction.

[Preventive care]

① the health inspection, the situation should pay special attention to the prostate.

② use all available means and meticulous inspection.

③ not diagnosed patients should have regular follow-up, when necessary, early excision.

[Treatment]

① treatment

Early patients confined to the prostate capsule possible prostate cancer within the prostate surgery; Patients with advanced feasible spermatheca, including prostate cancer radical mastectomy; Not resection of prostate, testicular bilateral resectability, ease back pain.

② radiotherapy

With cobalt 60, or linear accelerator radiation prostate partial abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes.

③ chemotherapy

A commonly used chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide, 5 - 5-fluorouracil, nitrogen mustard and other anticancer drugs. Joint use can reduce their reaction to alleviate symptoms of a long effect.

④ endocrine therapy

Castration subsequent treatment with estrogen.

Diethylstilbestrol 6-10 mg / day, three of the suits, linked from February to March.

1-estradiol 2 mg / th January 1st, oral